Number Theory in Competitive programming

Number theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of numbers, particularly integers. In competitive programming, knowledge of number theory can be useful for solving problems involving prime numbers, modular arithmetic, and divisibility. Here are some topics you might find useful to study: Prime numbers : Prime numbers are positive integers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. You can use a prime number sieve, such as the Sieve of Eratosthenes, to generate a list of prime numbers up to a certain limit. This can be useful for problems that involve finding prime factors, counting the number of divisors, or checking for primality. Modular arithmetic : Modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic where numbers "wrap around" after a certain value. It's often used in competitive programming problems to find the remainder of a large calculation, or to perform calculations with large numbers in a more efficient way. Divisibility : In number theory, ...